Thomas Brackett Reed

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Thomas Brackett Reed (October 18, 1839 – December 7, 1902) was an American politician from Maine who served as a Republican Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. He was known for his influence in the development of the modern House of Representatives and for his role in the enactment of the "Reed Rules," which helped to streamline legislative procedures.

Early Life and Education[edit | edit source]

Reed was born in Portland, Maine, and attended public schools in the area. He graduated from Bowdoin College in 1860, where he was a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity. After college, he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1865.

Political Career[edit | edit source]

Reed began his political career in the Maine House of Representatives, where he served from 1868 to 1869. He then served as the Attorney General of Maine from 1870 to 1872. In 1876, he was elected to the United States House of Representatives, where he served until 1899.

Speaker of the House[edit | edit source]

Reed was elected Speaker of the House in 1889 and served until 1891, and again from 1895 to 1899. During his tenure, he implemented the "Reed Rules," which aimed to reduce the power of the minority party to obstruct legislative business. These rules included measures such as counting members present but not voting towards a quorum, thus preventing the minority from using the tactic of disappearing quorums to block legislation.

Legacy[edit | edit source]

Reed's reforms had a lasting impact on the legislative process in the United States. His efforts to streamline procedures and reduce obstructionism helped to shape the modern functioning of the House of Representatives. Reed was also known for his wit and sharp debating skills, earning him the nickname "Czar Reed" for his authoritative control over the House.

Later Life and Death[edit | edit source]

After retiring from politics, Reed returned to practicing law. He passed away on December 7, 1902, in Washington, D.C., and was buried in Evergreen Cemetery in Portland, Maine.