Tijuana

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Tijuana in the 1920's

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Agua Caliente Tower, Tijuana 1951 (34996773976) (cropped)

CLUB CAMPESTRE - panoramio (cropped)

Cerro San Isidro desde el Cerro Colorado (cropped)

Tijuana is a border city in Mexico, located in the state of Baja California. It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana transborder urban agglomeration and the larger Southern California megalopolis. As the 6th-largest city in Mexico and center of the 6th-largest metro area in Mexico, Tijuana exerts a strong influence in education, politics, art, culture, and economics in the region.

History

The area of present-day Tijuana has been inhabited for thousands of years by the Kumeyaay people. The city itself was founded on July 11, 1889, as urban development began. Its proximity to the United States border has been a significant factor in its development, especially after the establishment of the Border Industrialization Program in the 1960s, which led to the growth of maquiladoras (manufacturing plants) and the influx of migrants from across Mexico.

Geography

Tijuana is located at the northwestern corner of Mexico, adjacent to San Diego, California. The city lies on hilly terrain and is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west and the United States border to the north, making it a crucial point of entry and commerce between Mexico and the United States.

Economy

The economy of Tijuana is one of the most dynamic and diverse in Mexico. It is heavily based on manufacturing, especially in the electronics and automotive industries, due to the presence of maquiladoras. The city is also a significant hub for tourism, retail, and services, catering to visitors from the United States as well as residents. The Cultural Immersion Center and various local markets are popular attractions.

Culture

Tijuana has a vibrant cultural scene, with numerous museums, galleries, and theaters. The Tijuana Cultural Center (CECUT) is a prominent cultural venue hosting exhibitions, performances, and film screenings. The city is also known for its unique culinary scene, blending Mexican and international cuisines, and is considered the birthplace of the Caesar salad.

Demographics

The population of Tijuana has grown rapidly, with a significant number of residents being migrants from other parts of Mexico and Central America, attracted by the city's job opportunities. This has created a diverse community, with a mix of cultures and languages.

Transportation

Tijuana is served by the Tijuana International Airport, one of the busiest in Mexico, offering flights to various domestic and international destinations. The city also has a well-developed road network, including the Tijuana-San Diego border crossing, one of the busiest in the world. Public transportation within the city includes buses and taxis.

Education

The city is home to several higher education institutions, including the Autonomous University of Baja California, which is one of the most prestigious universities in the region. There are also numerous public and private primary and secondary schools.

Healthcare

Tijuana is a notable destination for medical tourism, offering a range of medical services, including cosmetic surgery, dentistry, and bariatric surgery, at lower costs than in the United States. The city has numerous clinics and hospitals catering to both local residents and international visitors.

Challenges

Despite its economic and cultural vibrancy, Tijuana faces challenges such as crime, drug trafficking, and issues related to the large number of migrants and asylum seekers at the border. Efforts are ongoing to address these issues and improve the quality of life for its residents.