Tolvaptan sodium phosphate

Tolvaptan sodium phosphate

Tolvaptan sodium phosphate is a pharmaceutical drug used primarily in the treatment of hyponatremia (low blood sodium levels) associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). It is a selective vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist that increases the excretion of water without significantly affecting the excretion of electrolytes like sodium and potassium.

Pharmacology

Tolvaptan sodium phosphate works by blocking the action of vasopressin, a hormone that regulates the balance of water and electrolytes in the body. By inhibiting the vasopressin V2-receptor, tolvaptan promotes the excretion of water in the urine, thereby increasing blood sodium levels.

Clinical Use

Tolvaptan sodium phosphate is used in the management of hyponatremia in patients with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, and SIADH. It is also used in the treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys.

Side Effects

Common side effects of tolvaptan sodium phosphate include thirst, dry mouth, and increased urination. Less common but more serious side effects can include liver damage, low blood volume (hypovolemia), and rapid correction of hyponatremia, which can lead to serious neurological complications.

Contraindications

Tolvaptan sodium phosphate is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components. It is also contraindicated in patients with anuria (inability to produce urine), hypovolemic hyponatremia, and in patients who cannot sense or respond to thirst.

See Also

• Vasopressin receptor antagonist
• Hyponatremia
• Congestive heart failure
• Cirrhosis
• Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone