Tomoregulin

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Tomoregulin
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Tomoregulin, also known as transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains 2 (TMEFF2), is a protein encoded by the TMEFF2 gene in humans. This protein is primarily expressed in the brain and prostate and has been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes, including neuroprotection and prostate cancer.

Structure[edit | edit source]

Tomoregulin is a type I transmembrane protein characterized by the presence of an extracellular domain containing one EGF-like domain and two follistatin-like domains. The protein also has a single transmembrane domain and a short cytoplasmic tail. The EGF-like domain is involved in protein-protein interactions, while the follistatin-like domains are thought to play a role in binding to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) family members.

Function[edit | edit source]

Tomoregulin is involved in several biological processes:

  • Neuroprotection: In the central nervous system, tomoregulin has been shown to have neuroprotective effects. It may play a role in protecting neurons from apoptosis and oxidative stress.
  • Prostate Cancer: Tomoregulin is highly expressed in the prostate and has been studied for its role in prostate cancer. It is considered a potential biomarker for prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The protein may influence cancer cell proliferation and survival.
  • Cell Signaling: Through its EGF-like and follistatin-like domains, tomoregulin is involved in modulating cell signaling pathways, including those mediated by TGF-β.

Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]

Tomoregulin's expression pattern and functional roles make it a candidate for therapeutic targeting in diseases such as prostate cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Research is ongoing to understand its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target.

Research[edit | edit source]

Studies have focused on the role of tomoregulin in cancer biology, particularly in prostate cancer. Its expression levels have been correlated with disease progression, and it is being investigated as a target for novel cancer therapies. Additionally, research into its neuroprotective properties is exploring its potential in treating neurodegenerative diseases.

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD