Tooth gemination

Tooth gemination is a dental phenomenon that occurs when a single tooth bud attempts to divide, resulting in the formation of a tooth with a large crown and a single root and root canal. This condition is often confused with tooth fusion, but they are distinct phenomena.

Etiology

The exact cause of tooth gemination is unknown, but it is believed to be due to a disturbance during the developmental stage of the tooth. It is more commonly observed in the primary dentition and is rare in permanent teeth.

Clinical Features

Clinically, tooth gemination presents as a tooth that appears larger than normal, often with a bifid crown. The tooth may have a single root and root canal or two separate canals. It is often difficult to distinguish between tooth gemination and tooth fusion based on clinical appearance alone, and radiographic examination may be necessary.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of tooth gemination is primarily based on clinical and radiographic examination. The tooth count is an important factor in distinguishing between tooth gemination and tooth fusion. In tooth gemination, the tooth count is normal when the geminated tooth is counted as one. In contrast, in tooth fusion, the tooth count is reduced when the fused tooth is counted as one.

Treatment

Treatment of tooth gemination is not always necessary and depends on the individual case. If the tooth is asymptomatic and does not cause any functional or aesthetic concerns, no treatment may be required. However, if the tooth causes aesthetic concerns or functional problems such as malocclusion, treatment options may include restorative or cosmetic dentistry procedures, orthodontic treatment, or in some cases, extraction of the tooth.

See Also

• Tooth fusion
• Tooth development
• Dental anomalies