Torpedo

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Mark 8 torpedo in Germanton Park
Fulton's torpedo
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Sinking torpedoes by moonlight in Charleston Harbor - Harper's Weekly, June 13, 1863
Romanian spar torpedo boat Rândunica
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Whitehead torpedo General Profile, The Whitehead Torpedo U.S.N.1898
Robert Whitehead with battered test torpedo Fiume c1875

Torpedo

A torpedo is a self-propelled underwater missile designed to be launched from a submarine, ship, or aircraft to destroy surface vessels or submarines. Torpedoes are a crucial component of naval warfare and have evolved significantly since their inception.

History[edit | edit source]

The concept of the torpedo dates back to the 19th century. The first modern torpedo was developed by Robert Whitehead in 1866. Whitehead's design was a significant advancement over earlier attempts, featuring a self-propelled mechanism and a warhead capable of causing substantial damage to enemy vessels.

Design and Function[edit | edit source]

Torpedoes are typically cylindrical in shape and consist of several key components:

  • Warhead: The explosive charge designed to detonate upon impact or in proximity to the target.
  • Propulsion System: Usually powered by electric batteries, gas turbines, or other means, allowing the torpedo to travel underwater at high speeds.
  • Guidance System: Modern torpedoes are equipped with sophisticated guidance systems, including sonar, to track and home in on targets.
  • Control Surfaces: Fins and rudders that help steer the torpedo towards its target.

Types of Torpedoes[edit | edit source]

There are several types of torpedoes, each designed for specific purposes:

  • Straight-Running Torpedoes: These follow a predetermined path and are among the earliest types of torpedoes.
  • Acoustic Torpedoes: These use sound waves to home in on their targets.
  • Wire-Guided Torpedoes: These are controlled via a wire that connects the torpedo to the launching platform, allowing for real-time adjustments.
  • Wake-Homing Torpedoes: These detect and follow the wake of a ship to ensure a hit.

Usage in Warfare[edit | edit source]

Torpedoes have been used extensively in naval warfare, particularly during World War I and World War II. They have been launched from various platforms, including:

Modern Developments[edit | edit source]

Modern torpedoes have advanced significantly, incorporating technologies such as:

Related Pages[edit | edit source]

Categories[edit | edit source]

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD