Total joint replacement

Total Joint Replacement (TJR), also known as Total Joint Arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure in which parts of an arthritic or damaged joint are removed and replaced with a metal, plastic, or ceramic device called a prosthesis. The prosthesis is designed to replicate the movement of a normal, healthy joint.

Indications

Total joint replacement is considered when severe joint pain or dysfunction is not alleviated by less-invasive therapies. Common indications include Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Post-traumatic Arthritis, and Avascular Necrosis. The goal of the surgery is to relieve pain, improve joint function, and enhance the quality of life for patients.

Types of Joint Replacements

The most commonly replaced joints are the Hip and Knee, but replacements can also be performed on the Shoulder, Ankle, Elbow, and Wrist.

Hip Replacement

In a Hip Replacement surgery, the damaged hip joint is replaced with a prosthesis. The procedure can be performed as a total hip replacement or a hemiarthroplasty, depending on the extent of the joint damage.

Knee Replacement

Knee Replacement surgery involves replacing the damaged or diseased knee joint with a prosthesis. There are two main types: total knee replacement (TKR) and partial knee replacement (PKR), depending on the parts of the knee affected.

Procedure

The procedure involves the removal of the damaged joint surfaces and replacing them with the prosthesis. The surgery is performed under general or spinal anesthesia. Post-operative care includes physical therapy to restore movement and strength to the joint.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgery, total joint replacement carries risks, including infection, blood clots, implant failure, and nerve damage. However, advancements in surgical techniques and post-operative care have significantly reduced these risks.

Recovery

Recovery times can vary depending on the joint replaced and the patient's overall health. Most patients can expect to return to normal activities within 3 to 6 months post-surgery, with ongoing physical therapy.

Future Trends

Advancements in Biomedical Engineering and Material Science continue to improve the durability and functionality of joint prostheses. Additionally, minimally invasive surgical techniques are being developed to reduce recovery time and improve outcomes for patients.