Township (Pennsylvania)

Township (Pennsylvania) refers to a form of local government or administrative division used in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. In Pennsylvania, townships are one of the three types of municipal governments available, the other two being cities and boroughs. Pennsylvania townships are classified into two categories: first-class townships and second-class townships. This classification is primarily based on population density and certain ordinances or resolutions adopted by the township government.

Classification and Governance

The distinction between first-class and second-class townships is determined by a township's population density and the adoption of a home rule charter or a move to first-class status through a referendum. A second-class township can become a first-class township when its population density exceeds 300 persons per square mile and a majority of voters approve the change in a referendum.

First-Class Townships

First-Class Townships are governed by a board of commissioners, which must have an odd number of members, not fewer than three nor more than fifteen. These commissioners are elected to four-year terms. First-class townships provide a higher level of services and have more regulatory authority than second-class townships. They often have their own police force, zoning laws, and other services that cater to more densely populated areas.

Second-Class Townships

Second-Class Townships are managed by a board of supervisors, which can have three or five members, depending on the township's size and preferences. These supervisors are also elected to six-year terms. Second-class townships tend to cover more rural areas and provide services appropriate to less densely populated regions. The move from second-class to first-class status is not common, as it requires a significant change in population density and a formal vote by the residents.

Powers and Responsibilities

Townships in Pennsylvania have a wide range of powers and responsibilities, including maintaining and improving roads and highways, zoning and planning, police and fire protection, and other community services. The specific powers and duties of townships vary depending on their classification and the needs of their residents.

History

The township system in Pennsylvania has its roots in the colonial era, serving as a basic unit of local government since the state's founding. Over time, the role and functions of townships have evolved, reflecting changes in population, economy, and state laws. The classification system was introduced to provide a framework that accommodates the diverse needs of urban, suburban, and rural areas within the state.

Challenges and Criticisms

Townships in Pennsylvania, like other forms of local government, face challenges related to funding, service provision, and intergovernmental cooperation. The proliferation of small municipalities, including townships, can lead to inefficiencies and difficulties in regional planning and service delivery. There are ongoing discussions about consolidation and shared services as ways to address these issues.

See Also

• Local government in the United States
• Municipalities of Pennsylvania
• City
• Borough (Pennsylvania)