Toxicodendron

Genus of flowering plants in the sumac family, Anacardiaceae

Toxicodendron is a genus of flowering plants in the family Anacardiaceae, commonly known for species that produce urushiol, an irritant that can cause severe allergic reactions. The genus includes well-known plants such as poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac.

Description

Toxicodendron species are deciduous shrubs or vines. They are characterized by compound leaves, usually with three leaflets, although some species have more. The leaves can vary in shape and size, often with lobed or toothed edges. The plants produce small, inconspicuous flowers that develop into white or grayish drupes.

Distribution and habitat

Toxicodendron species are native to North America and Asia. They thrive in a variety of habitats, including forests, fields, and disturbed areas. The plants are adaptable and can grow in both sunny and shaded environments.

Species

Notable species within the genus include:

• Toxicodendron radicans (poison ivy)
• Toxicodendron diversilobum (western poison oak)
• Toxicodendron vernix (poison sumac)

Toxicity

The primary irritant in Toxicodendron species is urushiol, an oily organic allergen. Contact with the skin can cause an itchy and painful rash known as contact dermatitis. The severity of the reaction varies among individuals, with some experiencing mild irritation and others severe blistering.

Management

Avoiding contact with Toxicodendron plants is the best prevention against urushiol-induced dermatitis. If contact occurs, washing the affected area with soap and water as soon as possible can help reduce the severity of the reaction. Over-the-counter treatments and prescription medications are available to alleviate symptoms.

Related pages

• Anacardiaceae
• Urushiol
• Contact dermatitis

• Toxicodendron radicans

• Toxicodendron radicans leaves