Toxicodendron radicans

Toxicodendron radicans, commonly known as Poison Ivy, is a poisonous North American plant that is well known for causing an itchy, irritating, and sometimes painful rash in most people who touch it, due to an oily resin called urushiol. It is a member of the Anacardiaceae family, which also includes the cashew tree.

Description

Toxicodendron radicans is usually a trailing vine that is up to 10 cm tall. The leaves are compound with three leaflets, with the middle leaflet featuring a longer stalk. The color of the leaves can vary from light green (usually the younger leaves) to dark green (mature leaves), turning bright red in fall. The flowers are small and greenish-yellow, and the berries are a grayish-white color.

Distribution and habitat

Toxicodendron radicans is widespread across North America, including the Canadian boreal forest, throughout the United States, and into northern Mexico. It is normally found in wooded areas, especially along edge areas. It also grows in exposed rocky areas and in open fields and disturbed areas.

Toxicity

The plant produces urushiol, a clear liquid compound found within the sap of the plant that causes an itching rash in about 85% of people who come in contact with it. The reaction, Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis, can vary from a mild itch to severe blistering.

Treatment

The best treatment is to wash the affected area with soap and water as soon as possible to remove the urushiol. Over-the-counter products are available to ease the symptoms. In severe cases, a healthcare provider may prescribe corticosteroids.

See also

• Toxicodendron
• Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis
• Anacardiaceae