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Thoracostomy is a medical procedure that involves the insertion of a tube into the chest wall. It is primarily used to treat conditions that cause a buildup of air, fluid, or blood in the pleural space, which can impair breathing.

Indications

Thoracostomy is indicated in several conditions, including:

• Pneumothorax: This is a condition where air accumulates in the pleural space, causing the lung to collapse.
• Hemothorax: This is a condition where blood accumulates in the pleural space, often due to trauma or injury.
• Pleural effusion: This is a condition where excess fluid builds up in the pleural space, often due to infection, inflammation, or cancer.
• Empyema: This is a condition where pus accumulates in the pleural space, often due to pneumonia or surgery.

Procedure

The procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia. The patient is positioned on their side or sitting up. The doctor makes a small incision in the chest wall and inserts a tube into the pleural space. The tube is then connected to a drainage system to remove the air, fluid, or blood.

Risks and Complications

As with any medical procedure, there are potential risks and complications associated with thoracostomy. These may include:

• Infection: This can occur if bacteria enter the pleural space during the procedure.
• Bleeding: This can occur if a blood vessel is accidentally punctured during the procedure.
• Lung injury: This can occur if the lung is accidentally punctured during the procedure.
• Reexpansion pulmonary edema: This is a rare but serious condition that can occur if the lung reexpands too quickly after being collapsed.

See Also

• Chest tube
• Pleural tap
• Thoracentesis

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