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Thyroid disease in pregnancy refers to the pathological conditions involving the thyroid gland during pregnancy. These conditions can have significant effects on the health of the mother and the developing fetus.

Overview

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ located in the front of the neck. It produces hormones that regulate the body's metabolic rate, heart and digestive function, muscle control, brain development, mood, and bone maintenance. Its correct functioning is essential for the health of the mother and the developing fetus.

Types of Thyroid Diseases in Pregnancy

There are several types of thyroid diseases that can occur in pregnancy, including:

• Hyperthyroidism: This condition is characterized by an overactive thyroid gland that produces too much thyroid hormone. In pregnancy, untreated hyperthyroidism can lead to premature birth, low birth weight, and other complications.

• Hypothyroidism: This condition is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland that does not produce enough thyroid hormone. In pregnancy, untreated hypothyroidism can lead to developmental delays in the fetus and other complications.

• Thyroid nodules: These are lumps in the thyroid gland. Most thyroid nodules are benign, but some can be cancerous. Thyroid nodules can cause hyperthyroidism.

• Thyroid cancer: Although rare, thyroid cancer can occur in pregnancy.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of thyroid disease in pregnancy involves a physical examination, medical history, and blood tests to measure levels of thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

Treatment

Treatment of thyroid disease in pregnancy depends on the type and severity of the disease. It may involve medication, surgery, or careful monitoring.

See Also

• Pregnancy
• Thyroid disease
• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypothyroidism
• Thyroid nodules
• Thyroid cancer

References

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