Transforming growth interacting factor

Transforming Growth Interacting Factor (TGIF) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TGIF1 gene. This protein is part of the three-amino acid loop extension (TALE) superclass of atypical homeodomain proteins. TGIF acts as a transcriptional repressor and has a role in development and cell proliferation.

Function[edit | edit source]

TGIF is a DNA-binding protein that binds to retinoid X receptors (RXR) and represses their transcription-stimulating activity. It is known to repress retinoic acid signal transduction which is important in cell differentiation and proliferation. TGIF also represses the transcriptional activity of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) complex, SMAD2/SMAD4, which plays a crucial role in TGF-beta signaling.

Mutations in the TGIF1 gene are associated with Holoprosencephaly type 5 (HPE5), a structural anomaly of the brain. In addition, TGIF has been implicated in the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).

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