Translation (genetics)
Translation (genetics)
Translation (genetics) is a process that occurs in the cell's cytoplasm, where ribosomes synthesize proteins after the process of transcription. During translation, mRNA is decoded by the ribosome to produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide, that will later fold into an active protein.
Process[edit | edit source]
Translation proceeds in four phases: activation, initiation, elongation, and termination (all describing the growth of the amino acid chain, or polypeptide that is the product of translation).
Activation[edit | edit source]
In activation, the correct amino acid (AA) is joined to the correct transfer RNA (tRNA). While this is not, in the technical sense, a step in translation, it is required for translation to proceed. The AA is joined by its carboxyl group to the 3' OH of the tRNA by an ester bond.
Initiation[edit | edit source]
In eukaryotes and archaea, the amino acid-loaded tRNA is brought to the ribosome by elongation factors.
Elongation[edit | edit source]
Elongation is the most rapid phase of the translation process.
Termination[edit | edit source]
Termination of the polypeptide happens when the A site of the ribosome faces a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA).
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
External links[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
