Troleandomycin

troleandomycin

Troleandomycin is a macrolide antibiotic that is derived from oleandomycin. It is used primarily in the treatment of bacterial infections and is known for its effectiveness against certain types of bacteria.

Chemical Structure and Properties

Troleandomycin is a semi-synthetic derivative of oleandomycin. It is chemically modified to enhance its pharmacokinetic properties. The chemical structure of troleandomycin includes a macrolide ring, which is a large lactone ring with attached deoxy sugars.

Mechanism of Action

Troleandomycin works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. It binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, thereby preventing the translocation of peptides. This action effectively halts the growth and replication of the bacteria.

Clinical Uses

Troleandomycin is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Gram-positive bacteria. It is often prescribed for respiratory tract infections, skin infections, and other conditions where macrolide antibiotics are indicated.

Pharmacokinetics

Troleandomycin is administered orally and is well-absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily in the bile. The drug has a relatively long half-life, which allows for less frequent dosing compared to some other antibiotics.

Side Effects

Common side effects of troleandomycin include gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In some cases, it may cause hepatotoxicity, which necessitates monitoring of liver function during treatment.

Drug Interactions

Troleandomycin can interact with other medications metabolized by the liver, particularly those that are substrates of the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. These interactions can lead to increased levels of the co-administered drugs and a higher risk of adverse effects.

History and Development

Troleandomycin was developed as a semi-synthetic derivative to improve upon the properties of oleandomycin. It was introduced into clinical practice in the mid-20th century and has since been used in various therapeutic contexts.

Related Pages

• Macrolide antibiotic
• Oleandomycin
• Bacterial infections
• Protein synthesis
• Ribosome
• Liver
• Cytochrome P450