Trichilemmal

Trichilemmal cysts, also known as pilar cysts, are a type of skin cyst that originates from the outer hair root sheath, specifically the isthmus, which is the part of the hair follicle that is located at the level of the sebaceous gland. They are most commonly found on the scalp and are usually benign, although malignant transformation can occur.

Causes

The exact cause of trichilemmal cysts is unknown, but they are believed to be caused by the blockage of hair follicles. They are more common in women than in men, and they often run in families, suggesting a genetic component. Some studies have suggested that trauma to the scalp may also play a role in their development.

Symptoms

Trichilemmal cysts are usually asymptomatic, meaning they do not cause any symptoms. However, they can become inflamed or infected, which can cause pain, redness, and swelling. In rare cases, they can rupture, leading to a discharge of keratin, the protein that makes up hair and nails.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of a trichilemmal cyst is usually made based on the appearance of the cyst. They are typically round, smooth, and mobile, and they can vary in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter. A dermatologist may use a technique called dermoscopy to examine the cyst more closely. In some cases, a biopsy may be needed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.

Treatment

The treatment for trichilemmal cysts is usually surgical removal. This can be done under local anesthesia in a doctor's office. The entire cyst, including the cyst wall, is removed to prevent recurrence. If the cyst is inflamed or infected, it may need to be drained first, and antibiotics may be prescribed.

See also

• Sebaceous cyst
• Epidermoid cyst
• Dermoid cyst
• Hair follicle

References

Trichilemmal Resources
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