Triglyceride

Shorthand formula of a triglyceride

Structural formula of an unsaturated triglyceride

A triglyceride is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids. Triglycerides are the main constituents of body fat in humans and other animals, as well as vegetable fat. They are a type of lipid found in the blood and are stored in fat cells. When the body needs energy, it releases triglycerides from fat cells into the bloodstream.

Structure

Triglycerides are composed of a glycerol backbone bonded to three fatty acid chains. The fatty acids can be the same or different, and they can be saturated or unsaturated. The structure of triglycerides can be represented in shorthand form, as shown in the image.

Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Structure of stearic acid, a saturated fatty acid

Structure of palmitoleic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between the carbon atoms of the fatty acid chain, which means they are "saturated" with hydrogen atoms. Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds in the fatty acid chain. The presence of double bonds introduces kinks in the chain, affecting the physical properties of the triglyceride.

Function

Triglycerides serve as a major form of energy storage in the body. They are stored in adipose tissue and can be broken down into glycerol and fatty acids to be used as energy when needed. Triglycerides also play a role in insulating the body and protecting organs.

Health Implications

High levels of triglycerides in the blood can be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It is important to maintain healthy levels of triglycerides through diet and exercise. Factors that can increase triglyceride levels include obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, and a diet high in carbohydrates.

Related Pages

• Lipid
• Fatty acid
• Glycerol
• Adipose tissue

• Oleic acid structure
  Oleic acid structure
• 
  Alpha-linolenic acid structure
• 
  Gamma-linolenic acid structure