Trimethylbenzene

Trimethylbenzene refers to any of the three isomeric chemical compounds with the formula C₉H₁₂. These aromatic hydrocarbons are derived from benzene by replacing three hydrogen atoms with methyl groups. The three isomers are 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene (hemimellitene), 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (pseudocumene), and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (mesitylene).

Isomers

1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene (Hemimellitene)

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1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene structure

1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene, also known as hemimellitene, is one of the three isomers of trimethylbenzene. It is a colorless liquid with a distinct aromatic odor. Hemimellitene is less commonly encountered than the other isomers and is primarily used in the production of dyes and resins.

1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene (Pseudocumene)

1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene structure

1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene, commonly known as pseudocumene, is the most industrially significant isomer of trimethylbenzene. It is used as a precursor in the synthesis of various chemicals, including phthalic anhydride, which is an important intermediate in the production of plasticizers and resins. Pseudocumene is also used as a solvent and in the manufacture of explosives.

1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene (Mesitylene)

1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene structure

1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene, known as mesitylene, is another important isomer of trimethylbenzene. It is used as a solvent and in the production of mesityl oxide and acetone. Mesitylene is also used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.

Production

Trimethylbenzenes are typically produced during the catalytic reforming of petroleum naphtha. This process involves the rearrangement of hydrocarbons to form aromatic compounds, including trimethylbenzenes. The separation of the isomers is achieved through distillation and other chemical processes.

Applications

Trimethylbenzenes are used in a variety of industrial applications. They serve as solvents in the paint and coatings industry, and as intermediates in the synthesis of other chemicals. Pseudocumene, in particular, is used in the production of phthalic anhydride, which is a key component in the manufacture of polyester resins and alkyd resins.

Safety and Environmental Impact

Trimethylbenzenes are flammable liquids and should be handled with care. They can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. In the environment, they can contribute to air pollution and are subject to regulations regarding their release and disposal.

Related pages

• Benzene
• Xylene
• Toluene