Triorthocresyl phosphate

Triorthocresyl phosphate (TOCP) is an organophosphate compound that is used as a plasticizer and flame retardant in a variety of industrial applications. It is a colorless, odorless liquid that is stable under normal conditions.

History

TOCP was first synthesized in the late 19th century. Its toxic effects were not recognized until the 20th century, when it was linked to a series of poisoning incidents. The most notable of these was the "Ginger Jake" epidemic in the United States during the Prohibition era, when TOCP-contaminated ginger extract caused paralysis in thousands of people.

Production and uses

TOCP is produced by the reaction of ortho-cresol with phosphorus oxychloride. It is used as a plasticizer in the manufacture of PVC and other polymers, and as a flame retardant in various materials. It is also used as a lubricant in certain types of machinery.

Health effects

Exposure to TOCP can cause a variety of health effects, depending on the route and duration of exposure. Inhalation or ingestion can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Long-term exposure can lead to neurological effects, including weakness, numbness, and paralysis. This condition, known as organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN), can be irreversible.

Safety and regulation

Due to its toxicity, the use of TOCP is regulated in many countries. In the United States, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set a permissible exposure limit (PEL) for TOCP in the workplace. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) also regulates the release of TOCP into the environment.

See also

• Organophosphate poisoning
• Neurotoxicity
• Occupational safety and health