Trisodium citrate

Speciation of citric acid in solution

Trisodium citrate, also known as sodium citrate, is the sodium salt of citric acid. It possesses the chemical formula Na_C_H_O_ and is commonly used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Trisodium citrate is a white, crystalline powder that is highly soluble in water and has a slightly salty, tart flavor.

Chemical Properties

Trisodium citrate is derived from citric acid, a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits. The compound is formed by neutralizing citric acid with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate. In aqueous solution, trisodium citrate dissociates into three sodium ions and one citrate ion.

Speciation

The speciation of citric acid in solution is an important aspect of understanding the behavior of trisodium citrate. As shown in the diagram, citric acid can exist in multiple forms depending on the pH of the solution. At higher pH levels, the citrate ion predominates, which is the form present in trisodium citrate solutions.

Uses

Trisodium citrate is widely used in the food industry as an emulsifier, preservative, and flavoring agent. It is commonly found in beverages, dairy products, and processed foods. In the pharmaceutical industry, trisodium citrate is used as an anticoagulant in blood collection tubes and as a buffering agent in medications.

Food Industry

In the food industry, trisodium citrate acts as a pH buffer and helps maintain the stability of emulsions. It is often used in carbonated beverages to enhance flavor and in cheese production to improve texture.

Medical Applications

In medicine, trisodium citrate is used to prevent blood clotting during blood transfusions and in dialysis treatments. It is also used in oral rehydration solutions to treat dehydration.

Safety

Trisodium citrate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices. However, excessive consumption may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort.

Related pages

• Citric acid
• Sodium bicarbonate
• Emulsifier
• Anticoagulant