Tropicamide

Tropicamide is a drug used in ophthalmology to dilate the pupil and relax the lens of the eye. It is classified as an anticholinergic agent, specifically a muscarinic antagonist, and is commercially available as an eye drop solution.

Pharmacology

Tropicamide works by blocking the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the muscles of the eye. This results in the relaxation of the ciliary muscle and the sphincter muscle of the iris, leading to dilation of the pupil (mydriasis) and paralysis of the lens (cycloplegia).

Uses

Tropicamide is primarily used in ophthalmology for diagnostic purposes. It allows for a more thorough examination of the retina and other internal structures of the eye. It is also used in the treatment of certain eye diseases, such as iritis and uveitis, to prevent painful spasms of the ciliary muscle.

Side Effects

Common side effects of tropicamide include blurred vision, sensitivity to light, and a temporary increase in intraocular pressure. Rare but serious side effects can include allergic reactions, hallucinations, and psychosis.

Contraindications

Tropicamide is contraindicated in individuals with glaucoma or a predisposition to glaucoma, as it can increase intraocular pressure and exacerbate the condition. It should also be used with caution in individuals with heart disease or prostate problems, as it can have systemic effects.

History

Tropicamide was first synthesized in the 1960s and has since become a standard tool in ophthalmology. It is typically used in a 0.5% or 1% solution, with effects lasting up to several hours.

See Also

• Cyclopentolate
• Phenylephrine
• Atropine