Trousseau sign

Trousseau Sign of Malignancy is a medical sign found in patients that may indicate the presence of an underlying cancer. This sign is named after Armand Trousseau, a French physician who first described it in the 19th century. The sign is particularly associated with pancreatic cancer, but it can also be seen in other types of malignancies. It is characterized by migratory thrombophlebitis, which means the formation of blood clots (thrombi) in the veins that spontaneously migrate to different parts of the body.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with Trousseau Sign of Malignancy may present with recurrent, superficial thrombophlebitis. This condition is often observed in unusual sites such as the arms, chest, or neck. The clots may resolve and then reappear in a different location, which is a hallmark of the condition. Symptoms related to the thrombophlebitis may include pain, redness, and swelling in the affected area.

Pathophysiology

The exact mechanism by which malignancies cause Trousseau Sign is not fully understood. However, it is believed that certain cancers can produce procoagulant substances that increase the risk of clot formation. Additionally, cancer cells may directly interact with the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels, leading to a hypercoagulable state.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Trousseau Sign of Malignancy involves a combination of clinical assessment and laboratory tests. The presence of unexplained recurrent thrombophlebitis, especially in atypical locations, should raise suspicion. Blood tests may show markers of coagulation and inflammation. Imaging studies and biopsy may be necessary to identify the underlying malignancy.

Management

Management of Trousseau Sign of Malignancy focuses on treating the underlying cancer and preventing further thrombotic events. Anticoagulant therapy is commonly used to reduce the risk of clot formation. The choice of cancer treatment depends on the type and stage of the malignancy and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these modalities.

Prognosis

The prognosis for patients with Trousseau Sign of Malignancy depends on the type and stage of the underlying cancer. The presence of this sign may indicate an advanced stage of cancer, which can negatively impact the prognosis. Early detection and treatment of the malignancy are crucial for improving outcomes.

See Also

• Thrombophlebitis
• Pancreatic Cancer
• Hypercoagulable State
• Armand Trousseau