Tumor microenvironment

Tumor microenvironment is the immediate cellular environment in which a tumor exists, including surrounding blood vessels, immune cells, fibroblasts, signaling molecules and the extracellular matrix (ECM). The tumor microenvironment is dynamic and changes as the tumor grows and develops.

Overview

The tumor microenvironment is a complex and dynamic system that plays a crucial role in cancer progression and response to therapy. It is composed of various cell types including cancer cells, stromal cells, and immune cells, as well as non-cellular components such as the extracellular matrix and signaling molecules.

Components

Cancer cells

Cancer cells are the main component of the tumor microenvironment. They are characterized by uncontrolled growth and division, and the ability to invade other tissues.

Stromal cells

Stromal cells are non-cancerous cells that are part of the tumor microenvironment. They include fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and pericytes. These cells can support tumor growth and progression.

Immune cells

Immune cells in the tumor microenvironment can either promote or inhibit tumor growth. They include T cells, B cells, macrophages, and neutrophils.

Extracellular matrix

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a network of proteins and carbohydrates that provides structural and biochemical support to cells. In the tumor microenvironment, the ECM can influence tumor growth and progression.

Role in cancer progression

The tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in cancer progression. It can promote tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis, and can also influence the response to therapy.

See also

• Cancer
• Tumor
• Extracellular matrix
• Immune cells
• Stromal cells

Tumor microenvironment Resources
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