Twelfth cranial nerve

Twelfth Cranial Nerve

The twelfth cranial nerve, also known as the hypoglossal nerve, as depicted in Gray's Anatomy.

The twelfth cranial nerve, also known as the hypoglossal nerve, is a cranial nerve that controls the movement of the tongue. It is the twelfth and final pair of cranial nerves, originating from the medulla oblongata and extending to the tongue's muscles.

Structure

The twelfth cranial nerve is a motor nerve that arises from the anterior surface of the medulla oblongata. It travels through the hypoglossal canal before branching out to innervate the muscles of the tongue.

Function

The primary function of the twelfth cranial nerve is to control the movement of the tongue. It is responsible for the tongue's ability to move in various directions, allowing for actions such as speech, swallowing, and chewing.

Clinical significance

Damage to the twelfth cranial nerve can result in hypoglossal nerve palsy, which can cause difficulties with speech and swallowing. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including stroke, tumor, or infection.

See also

• Cranial nerves
• Nervous system
• Neuroanatomy