Tyne and Wear

Tyne and Wear numbered districts

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Tyne and Wear population density map, 2011 census

Tyne and Wear County

Tyne and Wear and Tees Rail Map

|Museum icon (red).svg]]|thumb]] |HR icon.svg]]|thumb]] Tyne and Wear is a metropolitan county in the North East of England. It is bordered by the counties of Northumberland to the north and County Durham to the south. Tyne and Wear was created on 1 April 1974, by the Local Government Act 1972. It is named after the two main rivers that flow through the county: the River Tyne and the River Wear. The county consists of five metropolitan boroughs: Newcastle upon Tyne, Gateshead, North Tyneside, South Tyneside, and Sunderland.

History

The area that is now Tyne and Wear has been settled since ancient times. The region was a key area during the Roman occupation of Britain, with the famous Hadrian's Wall terminating at the banks of the River Tyne. The area's history is also marked by its importance during the Industrial Revolution, particularly in terms of shipbuilding and coal mining, industries that significantly shaped its economic and social landscape.

Geography

Tyne and Wear is characterized by its urban center, surrounded by suburbs and greenbelt areas. The geography of the area is varied, with the rugged coastline along the North Sea, river valleys of the Tyne and Wear, and urban landscapes. The county covers an area of approximately 540 square kilometers.

Economy

Historically, Tyne and Wear's economy was heavily reliant on heavy industries such as shipbuilding, coal mining, and steel manufacturing. However, since the decline of these industries in the late 20th century, the region has diversified its economy. Today, it includes sectors such as digital technology, finance, education, and tourism. The presence of universities such as Newcastle University and the University of Sunderland also contributes to the region's economic and cultural vibrancy.

Transport

Tyne and Wear is well served by an integrated public transport system, the Nexus, which includes the Tyne and Wear Metro, buses, and ferries. The Metro system is particularly noted for connecting major areas across the county, including the airport and coastal regions. Additionally, the area benefits from significant road and rail links, connecting it to the rest of the UK.

Culture

The county has a rich cultural heritage, with numerous museums, galleries, and theaters. Notable cultural institutions include the Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art and the Sage Gateshead, a renowned music venue. The area also hosts various festivals and events throughout the year, celebrating its history, culture, and diversity.

Education

Tyne and Wear benefits from a range of educational institutions, from primary schools to universities. The higher education institutions, such as Newcastle University and the University of Sunderland, are known for their research and teaching excellence, attracting students from across the globe.

Governance

The governance of Tyne and Wear is divided among the five metropolitan boroughs, each with its own council. Additionally, some county-wide services are managed by joint boards and arrangements, particularly in areas such as transport and emergency services.