UKA

Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty (UKA), also known as partial knee replacement, is a surgical procedure used to relieve arthritis in one of the knee compartments. Where the knee is divided into three major compartments, UKA replaces only the damaged compartment with metal and plastic components. This is in contrast to Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), where all the compartments of the knee are replaced.

Indications

UKA is indicated for patients with osteoarthritis that is limited to one compartment of the knee, typically the medial compartment. Ideal candidates are those who have:

• Pain localized to one compartment
• Limited range of motion due to pain
• Minimal knee deformity
• Intact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Procedure

The procedure involves the surgical removal of the damaged cartilage and bone from the affected knee compartment and replacing them with artificial components. The surgery aims to relieve pain and restore function to the knee. UKA can be performed through a smaller incision than that required for TKA, potentially leading to quicker recovery times and less post-operative pain.

Advantages

• Shorter hospital stay and faster recovery compared to TKA
• Preservation of more natural knee kinematics
• Less bone removal

Disadvantages

• Higher revision rate compared to TKA
• Not suitable for patients with widespread knee arthritis

Recovery

Recovery from UKA generally involves physical therapy to regain strength and mobility in the knee. Most patients can return to normal activities within 6 weeks post-surgery, although high-impact activities may be restricted.

Complications

As with any surgical procedure, UKA carries risks, including infection, blood clots, implant wear and loosening, and the need for revision surgery.

Future Directions

Advancements in surgical techniques and implant design continue to improve the outcomes of UKA. Robotic-assisted UKA is an emerging field that offers the potential for more precise implant placement.