Umbanda

Umbanda é declarada patrimônio imaterial do Rio de Janeiro (30867828775)

Umbanda é declarada patrimônio imaterial do Rio de Janeiro (30751341802)

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Umbanda é declarada patrimônio imaterial do Rio de Janeiro (30751341242)

Heberureta

Escultura Yemanjá Rio Vermelho Salvador 2018-0713

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Oferenda a Iemanjá

Umbanda is a religion that originated in Brazil at the beginning of the 20th century, synthesizing elements of African religions, Spiritism, and Catholicism. It is characterized by a rich cultural mixture that reflects the diverse heritage of the Brazilian people. Umbanda practices include the incorporation of spirits, use of African music and dance, and the performance of healing and protection rituals. The religion promotes a doctrine based on charity and the practice of good deeds, emphasizing moral and ethical development of the individual.

Beliefs and Practices

Umbanda believers hold that the spiritual world influences the material world through a hierarchy of spirits, including Orixás, entities that are intermediaries between humans and the supreme god, Olorun. These spirits are often syncretized with Catholic saints. Practitioners of Umbanda also work with entities known as Exus and Pombagiras, spirits associated with the left-hand path but considered important protectors and guides.

Rituals in Umbanda involve the gira, a ceremony where mediums communicate with spirits to offer guidance, healing, and protection to participants. Music, especially drumming, and dance are essential components of these rituals, helping to induce trance states in mediums for spirit communication.

History

Umbanda emerged in the early 1900s in the city of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, through the mediumship of Zélio Fernandino de Moraes. It quickly spread across Brazil, attracting followers from various social and economic backgrounds. Despite facing persecution and discrimination, Umbanda has grown to become one of the largest spiritual movements in Brazil.

Social and Cultural Impact

Umbanda has played a significant role in Brazilian culture, influencing music, literature, and the arts. It has also been a force for social integration, providing a spiritual home for people of diverse racial and social backgrounds. The religion's emphasis on healing and social welfare has led to the establishment of numerous charitable organizations and social projects.

Controversies and Challenges

Umbanda has faced criticism and persecution from conservative and evangelical sectors in Brazilian society, who often mischaracterize it as black magic or witchcraft. Despite these challenges, Umbanda practitioners continue to advocate for religious tolerance and the right to practice their faith freely.

Conclusion

Umbanda is a vibrant and dynamic religion that reflects the multicultural tapestry of Brazil. Its practices and beliefs offer a unique perspective on spirituality, emphasizing inclusivity, social justice, and the interconnectedness of all life.