Umbellularia

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California bay laurel 2012-06-16

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Umbellularia is a genus of trees in the Lauraceae family. The genus contains a single species, Umbellularia californica, commonly known as the California bay laurel, Oregon myrtle, or pepperwood. This evergreen tree is native to the coastal forests of California and Oregon in the United States.

Description

Umbellularia californica is an evergreen tree that can grow to a height of 30 meters (98 feet). The leaves are lance-shaped, glossy, and aromatic, with a strong camphor-like odor. The tree produces small, yellow-green flowers in the winter and spring, which are followed by a single-seeded, green to purple fruit known as a drupe.

Habitat and Distribution

Umbellularia californica is found in the coastal forests of California and Oregon. It thrives in a variety of habitats, including riparian zones, mixed evergreen forests, and oak woodlands. The tree is particularly abundant in the California Coast Ranges and the Sierra Nevada foothills.

Uses

The leaves of Umbellularia californica are used as a culinary herb in a similar manner to the Mediterranean bay leaf (Laurus nobilis). The wood, known as myrtlewood, is highly valued for its fine grain and is used in woodworking and furniture making. The tree also has historical significance for the indigenous peoples of California, who used it for medicinal purposes and as a food source.

Toxicity

While Umbellularia californica has many uses, it is important to note that the leaves contain toxins that can cause headaches and nausea if ingested in large quantities. The essential oils extracted from the leaves should be used with caution.

Conservation

Umbellularia californica is not currently listed as a threatened or endangered species. However, its habitat is subject to pressures from urban development, logging, and climate change. Conservation efforts focus on preserving its natural habitats and promoting sustainable land use practices.

See also

• Lauraceae
• California flora
• Evergreen