Uto-Aztecan languages

Uto-Aztecan languages are a family of indigenous languages of the Americas, consisting of over 30 languages. Uto-Aztecan languages are found almost entirely in the Western United States and Mexico. The name of the language family was created from the names of the two ends of the Uto-Aztecan distribution: the Ute language of Utah in the north and the Aztecan languages of Mexico in the south.

History

The Uto-Aztecan language family is one of the largest linguistic families in the Americas in terms of number of speakers, number of languages, and geographic extension. The northernmost Uto-Aztecan language, Shoshoni, is spoken as far north as Salmon, Idaho, while the southernmost, the Aztec language, extends as far south as Nicaragua.

Classification

The Uto-Aztecan language family is divided into two primary branches, Northern Uto-Aztecan and Southern Uto-Aztecan. The Takic languages form the core of the Southern Uto-Aztecan languages. The Northern Uto-Aztecan languages include the Numic languages (i.e., Comanche, Shoshoni, and the Central Numic languages Mono and Northern Paiute), the Hopi language, and the Tübatulabal language.

Phonology

Uto-Aztecan languages have a complex phonological system, with a high number of consonants and vowels. The languages also have a complex system of morphology, which includes a rich system of inflectional and derivational morphemes.

Grammar

Uto-Aztecan languages are agglutinative languages, meaning that they use a lot of affixes to indicate grammatical relationships. They also have a complex system of verb conjugation, with a high degree of polysynthesis, meaning that a single word can contain a lot of grammatical information.

Writing Systems

Most Uto-Aztecan languages have been written using the Latin script, although some, like the Aztec language, were originally written using a logographic writing system.

Current Status

Many Uto-Aztecan languages are endangered, with some already extinct. Efforts are being made to revitalize these languages and promote their use among younger generations.

See Also

• Indigenous languages of the Americas
• Aztec language
• Shoshoni language
• Takic languages
• Numic languages