Vacuum extraction

A method of assisted vaginal delivery

Vacuum extraction, also known as ventouse, is a method used in obstetrics to assist the delivery of a baby during childbirth. This procedure involves the use of a vacuum device to help guide the baby out of the birth canal. It is typically used when labor is not progressing adequately or when the health of the mother or baby necessitates a quicker delivery.

Procedure

The vacuum extraction procedure involves placing a soft or rigid cup on the baby's head inside the birth canal. The cup is connected to a vacuum pump, which creates suction to hold the cup in place. During a contraction, the healthcare provider gently pulls to assist the mother in delivering the baby. The procedure is usually performed by an obstetrician or a trained midwife.

Indications

Vacuum extraction is indicated in certain situations, such as:

• Prolonged second stage of labor
• Fetal distress
• Maternal exhaustion
• Certain medical conditions in the mother that make pushing difficult

Risks and Complications

While vacuum extraction is generally safe, it does carry some risks, including:

• Scalp injuries to the baby, such as bruising or lacerations
• Cephalohematoma, a collection of blood under the scalp
• Rarely, more serious complications like intracranial hemorrhage
• Maternal injuries, such as vaginal tears

Comparison with Forceps

Vacuum extraction is often compared to forceps delivery, another method of assisted vaginal delivery. The choice between the two methods depends on various factors, including the position of the baby, the experience of the healthcare provider, and the specific circumstances of the delivery.

Images

A newborn with a bruised scalp following vacuum extraction.

A healthcare provider performing a vacuum-assisted delivery.

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A Kiwi vacuum extractor, a type of device used in vacuum extraction.

Related pages

• Childbirth
• Obstetrics
• Forceps delivery

References

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2020). "Assisted Vaginal Delivery." Obstetrics & Gynecology, 135(3), 1-10.
• Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. (2011). "Operative Vaginal Delivery." Green-top Guideline No. 26.

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  Bruised scalp after vacuum extraction

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  Vacuum-assisted delivery

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  Kiwi vacuum extractor