Vasculogenesis

Vasculogenesis is the process of blood vessel formation occurring by a de novo production of endothelial cells. This process occurs in embryos as they develop, but also in adults during the growth of certain tissues and organs. Vasculogenesis is a critical component of angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones.

Overview

Vasculogenesis is the embryonic process of blood vessel formation by in situ differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells. This is in contrast to angiogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones. Vasculogenesis occurs in the developing embryo, creating the primary vascular plexus, but also occurs in the adult during the growth of certain tissues and organs.

Process

The process of vasculogenesis is initiated by the migration of angioblasts, which are precursor cells, to areas of the embryo where blood vessels are required. These angioblasts differentiate into endothelial cells, which are the cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels. The endothelial cells then organize into a network of solid cords that eventually hollow out to form tubes, creating the primary vascular plexus.

Role in Disease

Abnormal vasculogenesis can lead to a variety of diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. In cancer, for example, tumors can stimulate the process of vasculogenesis to create new blood vessels that supply the tumor with nutrients and oxygen, allowing it to grow and spread.

See Also

• Angiogenesis
• Endothelial progenitor cell
• Angioblast