Ventriculoperitoneal shunt

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt
Other names	VP Shunt
Specialty	{{#statements:P1995}}

A ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VP shunt) is a medical device that relieves pressure on the brain caused by fluid accumulation. This procedure is commonly used to treat hydrocephalus, a condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain.

Indications

Ventriculoperitoneal shunting is primarily indicated for the treatment of hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus can be due to congenital factors, infection, tumors, or complications from head injury. The shunt helps to divert fluid from the ventricles in the brain to the peritoneal cavity in the abdomen, where the fluid is absorbed.

Procedure

The VP shunt system consists of a catheter, a valve, and a drainage tube. The catheter is inserted into one of the brain's ventricles, the valve is placed underneath the scalp, and the drainage tube runs from the valve to the peritoneal cavity. The valve regulates the flow of CSF to ensure that it does not drain too quickly or too slowly.

Complications

Complications from ventriculoperitoneal shunting can include infection, shunt malfunction, and improper drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid. Symptoms of a malfunctioning shunt may include headache, vomiting, lethargy, and changes in mental status. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider are necessary to monitor the function of the shunt and to address any complications.

Prognosis

The prognosis for patients with a VP shunt varies depending on the underlying cause of the hydrocephalus and the patient's overall health. Many individuals with shunts lead normal lives, although they may require periodic revisions of the shunt system.

See also

• Neurosurgery
• Pediatric neurosurgery
• Cerebrospinal fluid