Vertical gene transfer

Vertical gene transfer (VGT) is a mechanism of genetic transfer that involves the transmission of genetic material from parent to offspring. This is the primary method of genetic transfer in most organisms, including animals, plants, and bacteria.

Overview

In vertical gene transfer, an organism's genetic material is passed down from generation to generation. This is in contrast to horizontal gene transfer, where genetic material is transferred between organisms in the same generation. Vertical gene transfer is the primary method of genetic propagation in most organisms, including humans.

Mechanisms

Vertical gene transfer occurs through sexual reproduction in animals and plants, and through binary fission in bacteria. In sexual reproduction, genetic material from two parent organisms combines to form offspring with a unique set of genes. In binary fission, a single parent organism duplicates its genetic material and divides into two identical daughter cells.

Implications

Vertical gene transfer has significant implications for evolution and genetic diversity. Because it allows for the combination of genetic material from two parents, it can lead to the creation of new genotypes and phenotypes, driving evolution and increasing genetic diversity. However, because it also allows for the propagation of genetic disorders, it can also lead to the spread of harmful traits.

See also

• Horizontal gene transfer
• Genetic recombination
• Mutation
• Evolution