Vietnamese

Vietnam

Official name	Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Common name	Vietnam
Motto
Anthem
Flag
Coat of arms
Capital	Hanoi
Largest city	Ho Chi Minh City
Government	Socialist one-party state
Legislature

Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is a country in Southeast Asia, known for its rich history, vibrant culture, and lush landscapes. Located on the eastern edge of the Indochina Peninsula, it is bordered by China to the north, Laos and Cambodia to the west, and the South China Sea to the east and south.

History

Vietnam has a history that dates back thousands of years, with ancient civilizations such as the Đông Sơn culture known for their advanced bronze casting. The nation's recorded history begins with the establishment of the first Vietnamese states in the first millennium BC. Throughout the centuries, Vietnam was colonized by China, achieved independence, and was later influenced by French colonialism in the 19th century.

The mid-20th century was marked by the Vietnam War, a prolonged conflict involving North Vietnam, supported by its communist allies, and South Vietnam, backed by the United States and other anti-communist countries. The war ended in 1975 with the fall of Saigon, leading to the reunification of Vietnam under communist rule.

Geography

Vietnam's geography is diverse, featuring mountains, deltas, forests, and a long coastline along the South China Sea. The country is divided into three main regions: the northern region, centered around Hanoi; the central region, home to historical sites and the central highlands; and the southern region, dominated by Ho Chi Minh City and the fertile Mekong Delta.

Economy

Since the implementation of economic reforms in 1986, known as Đổi Mới, Vietnam has transformed from a highly centralized planned economy to a more market-oriented one. This shift has resulted in rapid economic growth, with improvements in health, education, and infrastructure. Vietnam's economy is diverse, with agriculture, industry, and services contributing to its GDP.

Culture

Vietnamese culture is a complex interweaving of native traditions and foreign influences, particularly from China and France. The country's cultural heritage includes traditional music, dance, and literature, as well as a distinct cuisine that emphasizes fresh ingredients, minimal use of dairy and oil, and a balance between herbs and meats.

Demographics

Vietnam is a multiethnic country with over 50 distinct ethnic groups. The majority of the population is ethnic Vietnamese (Kinh), with the remainder comprising various minority groups such as the Hmong, Dao, and Tay. The official language is Vietnamese, and the predominant religion is Buddhism, followed by Catholicism, Cao Dai, and Hoa Hao.

See also

• History of Vietnam
• Geography of Vietnam
• Economy of Vietnam
• Culture of Vietnam
• Demographics of Vietnam

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