Virginals

The virginals is a keyboard instrument of the harpsichord family. It was popular during the late Renaissance and early Baroque periods. Unlike the larger harpsichord, the virginals is smaller and more rectangular in shape. It produces sound by plucking strings with quills when keys are pressed.

Etymology

The origin of the name "virginals" is uncertain. Some suggest it may be derived from the Latin word "virga," meaning a rod or stick, referring to the jacks that pluck the strings. Others believe it may be associated with the Virgin Mary, as the instrument was often played by young women.

Construction

The virginals typically has a single set of strings and a single keyboard. The strings run parallel to the keyboard, unlike the harpsichord where the strings run perpendicular. The instrument is usually housed in a rectangular case, often elaborately decorated.

Keyboard

The keyboard of the virginals is similar to that of the harpsichord, with keys that are often shorter and narrower. The range of the instrument varies, but it typically spans about four octaves.

Sound Production

Sound is produced by quills or plectra that pluck the strings when a key is pressed. The tone of the virginals is generally softer and more delicate compared to the harpsichord.

History

The virginals was widely used in Europe from the 16th to the 18th centuries. It was particularly popular in England, where it was known as the "virginal" or "pair of virginals." Notable composers for the virginals include William Byrd, John Bull, and Orlando Gibbons.

Repertoire

The virginals has a rich repertoire, especially from the English Renaissance period. Collections such as the Fitzwilliam Virginal Book contain numerous pieces composed specifically for the instrument.

Decline and Revival

The popularity of the virginals declined in the 18th century as the piano became more prominent. However, there has been a revival of interest in the instrument in the 20th and 21st centuries, with many musicians and instrument makers producing and performing on modern replicas.

See also

• Harpsichord
• Spinet
• Clavichord
• Fitzwilliam Virginal Book
• Renaissance music
• Baroque music