Volubilis

Secteur du tumulus de Volubilis - Inscription punique - Vue d'ensemble

Mauretania Tingitania - Volubilis

Arch of Caracalla (Triumphal Arch)

Mosaics in Volubilis

Volubilis panorama cropped

Martiniere Volubilis arc de triomphe 1887

Volubilis is an ancient Roman city located in what is now Morocco, near the city of Meknes, and commonly considered as one of the most important archaeological sites in North Africa. The city was originally developed as a Phoenician settlement before falling under Roman control, where it grew significantly in size and importance, primarily due to its location on fertile agricultural land and its role as a center for trade and administration in the region.

History

The earliest history of Volubilis dates back to the 3rd century BC when it was a Carthaginian settlement. Following the fall of Carthage, Volubilis came under the control of the local Berber kingdom of Mauretania. It was during the Roman period, particularly from the 1st century AD onwards, that Volubilis saw its peak, serving as the administrative center of the Roman province of Mauretania Tingitana. The city was adorned with many fine buildings, including a basilica, temples, and a triumphal arch.

After the fall of the Roman Empire, Volubilis continued to be inhabited for several centuries, transitioning through the Byzantine and Islamic periods before being abandoned by the 11th century in favor of nearby Fes. The ruins remained largely intact, which has allowed for detailed archaeological studies and conservation efforts in modern times.

Archaeological Site

Today, Volubilis is recognized for its well-preserved archaeological remains, which offer a glimpse into the urban fabric and daily life of a classical Roman city. Key features of the site include:

• The Triumphal Arch of Caracalla, erected in 217 AD to honor the Roman Emperor Caracalla.
• The Basilica and Capitolium, central to the city's religious and civic life.
• A number of luxurious villas with beautiful mosaic floors depicting mythological and everyday scenes.
• The Forum, which served as a public square and marketplace.

Preservation and UNESCO World Heritage Site

Volubilis has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997, recognized for its outstanding value as an example of a Roman colonial town on the fringes of the Empire. Preservation efforts have been ongoing, with both Moroccan authorities and international organizations working to protect and restore the site. Despite challenges, such as looting and natural degradation, Volubilis remains a key attraction for scholars and tourists alike, offering insights into the Roman world and its interaction with indigenous cultures.

In Popular Culture

Volubilis has captured the imagination of many and has been featured in various forms of popular culture, including literature and film. Its striking ruins provide a picturesque backdrop that continues to attract artists and photographers from around the world.

See Also

• Roman Empire
• Meknes
• UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Morocco