Western civilization

Western civilization refers to the cultures, social structures, philosophy, and history that have developed in the Western world. This term is often synonymous with Western society and encompasses a heritage of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems, and specific artifacts and technologies that have some origin or association with Europe.

Origins

The roots of Western civilization can be traced back to Europe, particularly to the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. The intellectual and cultural achievements of these civilizations, such as democracy, philosophy, and law, have had a profound influence on the development of the West. The concept of Western civilization also extends to the influence of Christianity, which played a significant role in shaping Western moral and ethical principles.

Key Features

1. 1. 1. Democracy ###

Western civilization is often characterized by the development and appreciation of democracy, originating from Ancient Greek city-states like Athens.

1. 1. 1. Scientific and Technological Innovations ###

The Scientific Revolution and the Industrial Revolution, both of which occurred in the West, have been pivotal in shaping modern society. These revolutions fostered advancements in a wide array of fields such as physics, chemistry, and engineering.

1. 1. 1. Cultural Contributions ###

Western civilization has made significant contributions to art, literature, and music. From the classical works of Homer and the philosophies of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, to the Renaissance masterpieces of Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, Western culture has a rich heritage of artistic and intellectual achievements.

1. 1. 1. Legal and Political Thought ###

The development of legal systems, such as Roman law and the common law, and political theories, such as those articulated by John Locke and Thomas Hobbes, have significantly influenced the structure of modern Western governments.

Challenges and Criticism

Western civilization has also faced criticism and challenges. Issues such as colonialism, imperialism, and cultural arrogance have been points of contention. The impact of Western expansion has had profound effects on indigenous cultures around the world, often leading to their marginalization.

Modern Influence

Today, the influence of Western civilization can be seen globally. The spread of democratic ideals, the adoption of Western technologies, and the global dominance of Western media are testaments to its pervasive impact. However, globalization has also led to a blending of cultures, with Western attributes being both adopted and adapted by other societies.

See Also

• History of Europe
• Enlightenment
• Modern history
• Cultural imperialism