Wilderness medicine

Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative, comma-shaped bacteria that is well-known as the causative agent of cholera. It is a facultative anaerobe and is capable of flagellar locomotion.

Characteristics

Vibrio cholerae is a highly motile, comma-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria. It is a facultative anaerobe, meaning it can grow in both the presence and absence of oxygen. The bacterium is capable of flagellar locomotion, which aids in its survival and virulence.

Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of Vibrio cholerae is primarily due to the production of cholera toxin, a potent enterotoxin. This toxin disrupts the normal functioning of the gut lining, leading to severe diarrhea and dehydration.

Transmission

Vibrio cholerae is typically transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated water or food. The bacterium can survive in both fresh and salt water, and is often found in areas with poor sanitation and inadequate water treatment.

Treatment

Treatment for cholera involves rehydration, either orally or intravenously, to replace fluids lost through diarrhea. Antibiotics may also be used to reduce the duration of the illness and the amount of bacteria shed into the environment.

Prevention

Prevention of cholera involves improving sanitation and access to clean water. Vaccines are also available and can provide protection for several months to years.

See also

• Cholera
• Gram-negative bacteria
• Enterotoxin

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