Willem Einthoven

Dutch physiologist and Nobel laureate

Portrait of Willem Einthoven

Willem Einthoven (21 May 1860 – 29 September 1927) was a Dutch physiologist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1924 for his discovery of the electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). His pioneering work laid the foundation for modern cardiology and the use of the ECG as a diagnostic tool in medicine.

Early Life and Education

Willem Einthoven was born in Semarang, Dutch East Indies, which is now part of Indonesia. He was the son of Jacob Einthoven, a physician, and Louise de Vogel. After the death of his father, his family moved to Utrecht, Netherlands, where he completed his secondary education. Einthoven went on to study medicine at the University of Utrecht, where he graduated in 1885.

Academic Career

In 1886, Einthoven was appointed as a professor of physiology at the University of Leiden, a position he held for the rest of his career. It was here that he conducted his groundbreaking research on the electrical activity of the heart.

Development of the Electrocardiogram

Willem Einthoven's ECG machine

Einthoven's most significant contribution to medicine was the development of the electrocardiogram. In the late 19th century, scientists were aware that the heart produced electrical currents, but there was no practical method to measure them accurately. Einthoven invented a string galvanometer, a sensitive device that could detect and record the electrical activity of the heart.

The first practical ECG machine was developed by Einthoven in 1903. This machine used a fine quartz string coated with silver, which moved in a magnetic field to record the heart's electrical activity on a moving photographic plate. Einthoven's invention allowed for the non-invasive recording of the heart's electrical activity, providing valuable insights into cardiac function and enabling the diagnosis of various heart conditions.

Einthoven's Triangle

Einthoven is also known for formulating the concept of Einthoven's triangle, which is a theoretical construct used to understand the electrical activity of the heart. It is an imaginary equilateral triangle formed by the two shoulders and the pubis, with the heart at the center. This concept is fundamental in understanding the standard limb leads used in ECG interpretation.

Nobel Prize and Legacy

In 1924, Willem Einthoven was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram. His work revolutionized the field of cardiology and established the ECG as an essential tool in the diagnosis and management of heart diseases.

Einthoven's contributions to medicine extend beyond the ECG. He was a prolific researcher and educator, influencing generations of medical students and professionals. His work laid the groundwork for future advancements in cardiovascular medicine and diagnostic techniques.

Personal Life

Einthoven married Frédérique Jeanne Louise de Vogel in 1886, and they had four children. He was known for his modesty and dedication to his work. Einthoven passed away in Leiden in 1927, leaving behind a legacy of innovation and discovery.

Related Pages

• Electrocardiography
• Cardiology
• Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine