William the Conqueror

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Tree of William I struggle for Normandy

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Tree of William's struggle for England

William the Conqueror (c. 1028 – 9 September 1087), also known as William I of England, was the first Norman King of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087. He was a descendant of Rollo, a Viking who became the first ruler of Normandy in 911. William is best known for leading the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, which changed the course of English history.

Early Life

William was born in Falaise, Normandy, around 1028. He was the illegitimate son of Robert I, Duke of Normandy, and his mistress Herleva. Despite his illegitimacy, William was recognized as his father's heir and became Duke of Normandy in 1035 after his father's death.

Rise to Power

William faced numerous challenges to his rule in Normandy, including revolts by local nobles and threats from neighboring regions. He consolidated his power through a combination of military strength and strategic marriages, including his own marriage to Matilda of Flanders in 1051.

Norman Conquest of England

In 1066, following the death of Edward the Confessor, William claimed the English throne, asserting that Edward had promised it to him. His claim was contested by Harold Godwinson, who was crowned king. William assembled a fleet and invaded England, defeating Harold at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066. He was crowned King of England on Christmas Day 1066.

Reign as King

William's reign was marked by efforts to consolidate his control over England. He introduced Norman customs and feudalism, redistributed land to his Norman followers, and built numerous castles, including the Tower of London. He also commissioned the Domesday Book, a comprehensive survey of his new kingdom's lands and resources.

Death and Legacy

William died on 9 September 1087 in Rouen, Normandy, from injuries sustained during a campaign in France. He was buried in the Abbey of Saint-Étienne, Caen. His legacy includes the transformation of English society and governance, the introduction of Norman culture, and the establishment of a dynasty that would rule England for centuries.

Related Pages

• Norman Conquest of England
• Battle of Hastings
• Domesday Book
• Edward the Confessor
• Harold Godwinson
• Matilda of Flanders
• Tower of London
• Normandy

See Also

• List of English monarchs
• History of England
• Feudalism