World Heritage Convention

Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage

World Heritage Convention
Signed	16 November 1972
Location	Paris, France
Effective	17 December 1975
Condition	Ratification by 20 states
Parties	194 state parties

The World Heritage Convention, officially known as the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, was adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 16 November 1972. The convention aims to identify, protect, and preserve cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity.

Background

The idea of creating an international movement for protecting heritage emerged after World War II. The UNESCO Constitution, adopted in 1945, included provisions for the conservation and protection of the world's cultural and natural heritage. The catalyst for the World Heritage Convention was the decision to build the Aswan High Dam in Egypt, which would have flooded the valley containing the Abu Simbel temples, a treasure of ancient Egyptian civilization. In response, UNESCO launched an international campaign to save the temples. This initiative set a precedent for future conservation efforts.

Objectives

The main objective of the World Heritage Convention is to define and conserve the world's cultural and natural heritage, by fostering cooperation among nations. The convention establishes the concept of World Heritage Sites, which are places, such as forests, mountains, lakes, deserts, monuments, buildings, or cities, that are of outstanding universal value from the historical, aesthetic, ethnological, or anthropological points of view.

Implementation

The implementation of the convention is overseen by the World Heritage Committee, a body of representatives from 21 elected state parties. The committee meets annually to decide on the addition of new sites to the World Heritage List and the allocation of financial assistance from the World Heritage Fund.

World Heritage List

The World Heritage List includes over 1,000 properties forming part of the cultural and natural heritage which the World Heritage Committee considers as having outstanding universal value. These include many well-known sites like the Great Barrier Reef, the Great Wall of China, the Taj Mahal, and the Grand Canyon.

World Heritage Fund

The World Heritage Fund provides about $4 million annually to support activities aimed at the conservation of World Heritage Sites. These funds are gathered from contributions made by countries that have ratified the convention.

Challenges

Despite its successes, the World Heritage Convention faces several challenges including the threat of damage to sites due to human activities like tourism and unauthorized development, natural disasters, and conflicts. There is also an ongoing debate regarding the representation and balance in the list of World Heritage Sites, with a dominance of sites from Europe and other developed regions.

See also

• List of World Heritage Sites by year of inscription
• Cultural heritage
• Natural heritage

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