Xanthine

Xanthine is a purine base found in most human body tissues and fluids and in other organisms. A number of stimulants are derived from xanthine, including caffeine and theobromine.

Xanthine is a product on the pathway of purine degradation. It is created from guanine by guanine deaminase. It is created from hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidoreductase. It is also created from xanthosine by purine nucleoside phosphorylase.

Xanthine is subsequently converted to uric acid by the action of the xanthine oxidase enzyme.

Pharmacology

Xanthine is used as a drug precursor for human and animal medications. It is used as a bronchodilator and in the treatment of asthma and COPD.

See also

• Xanthinuria
• Xanthine oxidase
• Xanthine dehydrogenase
• Purine metabolism
• Uric acid

References

Xanthine Resources
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