Zerah Colburn (mental calculator)

Zerah Colburn, a mental calculator, as a child. Engraving, 1 Wellcome V0007040

Zerah Colburn (September 1, 1804 – March 2, 1839) was an American mental calculator and mathematical prodigy known for his extraordinary ability to perform complex arithmetic calculations in his head from a very young age. His talents gained him significant attention in the early 19th century in both the United States and Europe.

Early Life

Zerah Colburn was born in Cabot, Vermont, to Abia and Betsey Colburn. His remarkable ability with numbers became apparent at the age of six, when he spontaneously began solving complex arithmetic problems without any formal education in mathematics. His father, recognizing Zerah's unique talent, took him on tours across the United States and later to Europe to showcase his abilities.

Career and Demonstrations

During his tours, Colburn performed numerous arithmetic calculations faster than could be done with pen and paper at the time, solving problems involving multiplication, division, roots, and even some forms of logarithms. His demonstrations often included calculating the answers to questions posed by the audience, which could range from simple arithmetic to more complex mathematical problems.

In 1812, Colburn's father took him to England, where he was studied by leading mathematicians of the time. Despite offers of financial support for his education from patrons impressed by his abilities, conflicts between his father and his benefactors led to a return to the United States.

Later Life and Education

After returning to America, Colburn's life took a different turn. His father's exploitation of his talent for financial gain had waned, and Colburn pursued a more traditional education. He attended the Dartmouth College but left without graduating. Later, he became a Methodist minister and continued his studies independently, contributing to mathematics through his writings.

Contributions to Mathematics

Colburn published a memoir detailing his experiences and insights into his own mental calculation processes. He also wrote on mathematical topics, including a method for calculating the roots of numbers, which was innovative for his time. His work in mathematics, though not extensive, was recognized for its originality and depth of understanding.

Death and Legacy

Zerah Colburn died at the age of 34 in Norwich, Vermont. Despite his relatively short life and the challenges he faced, his legacy as a mental calculator and mathematical prodigy remains. His life story is often cited in discussions on the nature of mathematical talent and the phenomenon of child prodigies.

See Also

• Mental calculation
• Mathematical prodigy
• History of mathematics