Zinc metabolism

Zinc metabolism refers to the processes that maintain the balance of zinc in the human body. Zinc is an essential trace element that is necessary for a healthy immune system. A lack of zinc can make a person more susceptible to disease and illness. It is also important for wound healing and for the senses of taste and smell.

Zinc is found in several systems and biological reactions, and it is needed for immune function, wound healing, blood clotting, thyroid function, and much more. Meats, seafood, dairy products, nuts, legumes, and whole grains offer relatively high levels of zinc.

Zinc Absorption

Zinc absorption in the body is complex and is regulated by the body to maintain a balance. It is primarily absorbed in the small intestine, specifically the jejunum and ileum. The process of absorption is influenced by several factors including the amount of zinc in the diet, the presence of other nutrients, and the overall health of the gastrointestinal tract.

Zinc Transport

Once absorbed, zinc is transported throughout the body by proteins. The primary transport protein for zinc is albumin, although other proteins such as transferrin and alpha-2-macroglobulin also play a role. These proteins bind to zinc and carry it to the various tissues and organs where it is needed.

Zinc Storage

Zinc is stored in a variety of tissues and organs. The highest concentrations of zinc are found in the prostate gland, sperm, liver, and muscle tissue. Zinc is also stored in the bone and skin.

Zinc Excretion

The body excretes zinc primarily through the feces. Smaller amounts are also lost through urine, sweat, and the shedding of skin and hair. The body tightly regulates zinc excretion to maintain a balance.

Zinc Deficiency

Zinc deficiency is a condition characterized by insufficient levels of zinc in the body. It can result from inadequate dietary intake, poor absorption, or excessive loss of zinc. Symptoms of zinc deficiency can include growth retardation, loss of appetite, and impaired immune function. In severe cases, zinc deficiency can lead to hair loss, diarrhea, delayed sexual maturation, and eye and skin lesions.

Zinc Toxicity

Excessive intake of zinc can lead to zinc toxicity, which can cause nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and headaches. Long-term excessive intake can result in copper deficiency.