Zygodactyly
=Zygodactyly =
Zygodactyly is a condition characterized by the fusion of digits, commonly referred to as "syndactyly" in humans. This condition can occur in various species, including birds, reptiles, and mammals. In humans, it is a rare congenital anomaly that affects the fingers or toes.
Etymology[edit | edit source]
The term "zygodactyly" is derived from the Greek words "zygon," meaning "yoke" or "pair," and "dactylos," meaning "finger." This reflects the condition's characteristic feature of digits being joined together.
Classification[edit | edit source]
Zygodactyly can be classified into several types based on the extent and nature of the fusion:
- Simple syndactyly: Involves soft tissue fusion only.
- Complex syndactyly: Involves fusion of bones as well as soft tissues.
- Complete syndactyly: The entire length of the digits is fused.
- Incomplete syndactyly: Only part of the digits is fused.
Causes[edit | edit source]
Zygodactyly is primarily a genetic condition, often inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. However, it can also occur sporadically due to mutations. It may be associated with other syndromes, such as Apert syndrome and Poland syndrome.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of zygodactyly is typically made through physical examination and confirmed with imaging studies such as X-rays, which reveal the extent of bone involvement. Genetic testing may be conducted to identify any associated syndromes.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment for zygodactyly often involves surgical intervention to separate the fused digits, especially if the condition impairs function or causes discomfort. The timing of surgery is crucial and is usually performed in early childhood to optimize outcomes.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for individuals with zygodactyly is generally good, especially with early intervention. Surgical separation of the digits can significantly improve function and appearance.
Zygodactyly in Other Species[edit | edit source]
In birds, zygodactyly refers to a specific toe arrangement where two toes face forward and two face backward, aiding in grasping branches. This is common in species such as parrots and woodpeckers.
See Also[edit | edit source]
NIH genetic and rare disease info[edit source]
Zygodactyly is a rare disease.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
