Zygophiala jamaicensis

Zygophiala jamaicensis is a species of fungus in the family Incertae sedis, which is a term used in taxonomy for groups of organisms whose classification is uncertain. This fungus is known to cause a disease known as flyspeck on various fruits, particularly apples.

Taxonomy

The species was first described in 1913 by American mycologist Job Bicknell Ellis and his collaborator Benjamin Matlack Everhart. The specific epithet jamaicensis refers to Jamaica, where the type specimen was collected.

Description

Zygophiala jamaicensis is characterized by its black, shiny, and slightly raised fruiting bodies, which are typically 1–2 mm in diameter. The spores are elliptical and dark brown in color.

Distribution and habitat

Zygophiala jamaicensis is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. It has been reported from North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. The fungus is typically found on the surface of fruits, especially apples, where it causes a disease known as flyspeck.

Pathogenicity

Zygophiala jamaicensis is a plant pathogen that causes flyspeck disease on various fruits, particularly apples. The disease is characterized by the presence of small, black, shiny spots on the fruit surface, which can reduce the marketability of the fruit. The fungus can survive on the surface of the fruit for several months, and can be spread by wind and rain.

Management

Management of flyspeck disease caused by Zygophiala jamaicensis involves the use of fungicides and cultural practices such as pruning and sanitation. Regular monitoring of the orchard is also important for early detection and control of the disease.

See also

• List of apple diseases
• List of fungal plant pathogens and diseases