Buttock

Buttock
Details
System	Musculoskeletal system
Artery	Superior gluteal artery, Inferior gluteal artery
Vein	Superior gluteal vein, Inferior gluteal vein
Nerve	Superior gluteal nerve, Inferior gluteal nerve
Identifiers
Latin	Clunis
TA98
TH	{{#property:P1694}}
TE	{{#property:P1693}}
FMA	{{#property:P1402}}
Anatomical terminology

The buttock is the anatomical region on the posterior of the human pelvis, comprising tissues and structures underlying the skin including the gluteal muscles and the bony pelvis. The buttocks are a prominent part of the human body and are composed of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus muscles, as well as the fat and skin that overlay these muscles. The buttocks help support the trunk of the body, play a key role in posture, and are involved in several movements such as walking, running, and climbing.

Structure

The buttocks are bounded by the pelvic bones, the sacrum, and the coccyx. The main muscles that form the buttocks are:

• Gluteus maximus: The largest and most superficial of the three gluteal muscles, it is responsible for the shape of the buttocks and is involved in hip extension, lateral rotation, and abduction.
• Gluteus medius: Located beneath the gluteus maximus, it assists in hip abduction and stabilizes the pelvis during walking.
• Gluteus minimus: The smallest and deepest of the gluteal muscles, it also helps in hip abduction and medial rotation of the thigh.

The blood supply to the buttocks is primarily through the superior and inferior gluteal arteries, branches of the internal iliac artery. Venous return is through corresponding veins. The superior and inferior gluteal nerves provide innervation.

Function

The primary function of the buttocks is to provide movement and strength for activities such as standing up from a sitting position, climbing stairs, and maintaining an upright posture. The gluteal muscles are crucial in the mechanics of the movement of the lower body, particularly in stabilizing the hip and pelvis.

Cultural aspects

The buttocks have been a significant aspect of human physical attractiveness and sexuality across various cultures. They are often associated with physical appeal and are a common focus in artistic representation and popular culture. The size and shape of the buttocks can vary significantly depending on genetics, diet, and exercise.

Clinical significance

Conditions affecting the buttocks include:

• Sciatica: Pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, which can involve pain in the buttocks.
• Gluteal tendinopathy: Inflammation or irritation of the gluteal tendons, often causing pain and discomfort.
• Pressure ulcers: Also known as bedsores, these can occur on the buttocks due to prolonged pressure in bedridden patients.

See also

• Human body
• Pelvis
• Posture