1-Heneicosanol

1-Heneicosanol is a long-chain fatty alcohol with the chemical formula C₂₁H₄₄O. It is a saturated alcohol, meaning it contains no double bonds in its carbon chain. This compound is part of a group of substances known as fatty alcohols, which are typically derived from natural fats and oils.

Structure and Properties

1-Heneicosanol consists of a 21-carbon chain with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the first carbon atom. This structure gives it the properties of a fatty alcohol, including being a waxy solid at room temperature. The molecular weight of 1-Heneicosanol is 312.57 g/mol.

Physical Properties

• Melting Point: 75-77 °C
• Boiling Point: 370-380 °C
• Density: Approximately 0.82 g/cm³
• Solubility: Insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and ether.

Occurrence

1-Heneicosanol is found in nature as a component of waxes in plants and animals. It is often present in the cuticular waxes of leaves and fruits, where it serves as a protective barrier against environmental stressors such as water loss and pathogen attack.

Synthesis

1-Heneicosanol can be synthesized through the reduction of the corresponding fatty acid, heneicosanoic acid, using reducing agents such as lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH₄) or by catalytic hydrogenation.

Applications

1-Heneicosanol is used in various industrial applications, including:

• Cosmetics: As an emollient and thickening agent in creams and lotions.
• Lubricants: As a component in the formulation of lubricants and greases.
• Surfactants: In the production of surfactants and detergents.

Biological Role

In biological systems, long-chain fatty alcohols like 1-Heneicosanol are involved in the formation of wax esters and other lipids that play crucial roles in cellular structures and functions.

Safety and Handling

1-Heneicosanol is generally considered to be of low toxicity. However, as with all chemical substances, it should be handled with care, using appropriate personal protective equipment to avoid inhalation or skin contact.

Also see

• Fatty alcohols
• Heneicosanoic acid
• Waxes
• Emollients