2-Pentanol

Pentan-2-ol 200

2-Pentanol (IUPAC name: pentan-2-ol), also known by its systematic name sec-pentyl alcohol, is an organic compound with the formula C5H12O. It is a colorless liquid with a slightly unpleasant odor, which is considered a secondary alcohol due to the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the second carbon of the pentane chain. 2-Pentanol is one of the isomers of pentanol.

Properties

2-Pentanol has a molecular weight of 88.15 g/mol and boils at 119°C. It is moderately soluble in water and miscible with most organic solvents, such as ethanol, diethyl ether, and chloroform. The presence of the hydroxyl group makes it capable of forming hydrogen bonds, which significantly influences its physical properties, such as boiling point and solubility.

Production

2-Pentanol can be produced through several methods, including the hydrolysis of 2-pentyl halides or the hydrogenation of pentanal. Another common method is through the hydration of pentene, a process that can occur in the presence of acid or base catalysts.

Uses

2-Pentanol is used in the manufacture of other chemicals, serving as an intermediate in the synthesis of flavors, fragrances, and pharmaceuticals. It is also employed as a solvent for organic syntheses and can be used in the formulation of insecticides and herbicides.

Safety

Exposure to 2-pentanol can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system. It is important to handle it with appropriate safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment. Ingestion or inhalation of high concentrations can lead to serious health effects, necessitating immediate medical attention.

Environmental Impact

Like many organic solvents, 2-pentanol has the potential to contribute to air and water pollution if not properly managed. It is biodegradable under aerobic conditions, but its release into the environment should be minimized to prevent potential harm to aquatic life and the broader ecosystem.