2019 Southeast Asian haze

Satellite image of 2019 Southeast Asian haze in Borneo - 20190915

2019 Southeast Asian haze

The 2019 Southeast Asian haze was a significant air pollution event that affected several countries in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines. The haze was primarily caused by widespread forest fires in Indonesia, particularly on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo.

Causes

The primary cause of the 2019 Southeast Asian haze was the practice of slash-and-burn agriculture, which involves clearing land for palm oil and pulpwood plantations. This method is illegal but still widely used due to its cost-effectiveness. The fires often spread uncontrollably, leading to extensive deforestation and the release of large amounts of smoke and particulate matter into the atmosphere.

Impact

The haze had severe health, environmental, and economic impacts on the affected countries.

Health

The air quality in many regions reached hazardous levels, leading to respiratory problems, eye irritation, and other health issues. Schools were closed, and outdoor activities were limited to protect public health. The Air Pollution Index (API) in some areas exceeded 200, indicating very unhealthy air quality.

Environment

The fires caused significant damage to biodiversity and ecosystems, particularly in peatlands, which are rich in carbon and biodiversity. The release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases contributed to climate change.

Economy

The haze disrupted daily life and economic activities, including tourism, transportation, and agriculture. The economic losses were substantial, affecting both local economies and international trade.

Responses

Governments and organizations took various measures to address the haze.

Indonesia

The Indonesian government deployed thousands of personnel to combat the fires and implemented stricter enforcement of anti-burning laws. Efforts were also made to promote sustainable agricultural practices.

Malaysia and Singapore

Both countries expressed concerns and urged Indonesia to take more effective actions. They also provided assistance in firefighting efforts and conducted cloud seeding to induce rain and clear the haze.

International

International organizations and neighboring countries collaborated to address the issue through initiatives like the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution.

See also

• 2015 Southeast Asian haze
• Air pollution
• Deforestation in Indonesia
• Environmental issues in Southeast Asia